Tracking national climate mitigation efforts will once again be central as world leaders gather for the 27th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), held in Sharm El-Sheikh in Egypt this year. The first cycle of ‘Nationally Determined Contribution’ (NDC) updates, launched prior to COP26 and extended for one year, will be closing at COP27.
Ahead of the conference, some large emitters have already revised their NDCs (e.g., China, India, and Australia) and others have pledged new or enhanced mid-century net zero targets (e.g., Brazil, Australia, and Russia). A global stocktake of progress towards implementing the Paris Agreement will take place a year later at COP28, launching the next cycle of NDC revisions.